Social Security Enhancement and Protection Act of 2025

This bill increases certain Social Security benefits, expands Social Security payroll taxes, and makes other changes to the Social Security program.

Under current law, Social Security has a taxable maximum, which refers to the maximum amount of a worker's earnings that are subject to Social Security payroll taxes (set at $176,100 in 2025). Additionally, the taxable maximum serves as the maximum amount of earnings used to calculate a worker's Social Security benefits.

This bill phases out the taxable maximum so as to apply payroll taxes to all earnings by 2035, and it revises the method used to calculate a worker’s Social Security benefits to account for earnings in excess of the taxable maximum. The bill also gradually increases the Social Security payroll tax applicable to workers and employers from 6.2% to 6.5% over six years.

Other changes to benefits include establishing a new method to calculate benefits for lifetime low earners and increasing benefits for certain beneficiaries on account of long-term eligibility. In addition, an eligible child of a retired, disabled, or deceased worker may continue to receive benefits through age 26, provided the child is a full-time student in postsecondary school.

Summary by the Congressional Research Service.